Findings of herbicide and fungicide residues in bee bread

The honey bee is one of the insects that significantly endangered by application pesticides in cultivation crops. Not only acute toxicity dangerous, but importance chronic poisoning low doses hives growing. behavior bees can be affected not insecticide residues also herbicide and fungicide residues. In 2016–2018, samples bread were analysed for pesticide content at 25 different localities from intensive agricultural production areas Czech Republic. Substances extracted QuEChERS determined liquid chromatography, together with mass spectrometric detection. We detected up to 18 sample. total, during we identified 53 active substances. Fifteen substances (31%) herbicidal, 23 (47%) fungicidal nature 6 (12%) insecticidal nature. coefficient variation showed large differences frequency revealed between years. For sprayed outside period attractive pollinators (mainly herbicides some fungicides), usual methodology cannot reliably determine degree contamination, thus actual contamination these may even higher than demonstrated this study.